2023年8月1日发(作者:)
什么是CRAAP测试?CRAAP测试范⽂什么是CRAAP测试?CRAAP测试是⼀系列问题,可帮助您确定来源是否可信。这就像通过显微镜评估构成光源的所有元素。 您需要查看其所有部分,以确定它是否适合您的研究论⽂。CRAAP代表 “currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, and purpose.” 您需要检查以下每个组成部分,以确定来源是垃圾还是值得在研究论⽂中包括。将CRAAP测试应⽤于您的论⽂来源完成研究后,您不想使⽤发现的每个来源。 您也不能仅仅假设所有来源都是平等的。当然,您可以通过选择搜索结果中出现的前五个或⼗个来源来节省⼤量时间。 但是它们不太可能成为您论⽂的最佳(或最合适)来源。为什么?因为当您进⾏研究时,您会遇到许多实际上是胡扯的消息来源(尤其是如果您仅使⽤⽹站在线进⾏所有研究)。要确定有⽤或⽆效,请询问以下各个类别下的问题,以测试您的来源。CRAAP Test: Currency除⾮您要批评特定的来源或将其⽤于历史概述,否则您将希望找到可能的最新信息。如果您引⽤的是⽹站,那么查找原始来源的⽇期可能并不容易。但是您应该能够找到信息的最后更新⽇期。在⽹页底部检查创建或最后更新信息的⽇期。认为来源的⽇期真的不是那么重要吗?再想⼀想。假设您在⽹上(五年前写过)找到有关突破性癌症治疗的信息来源。对于某些主题,有五年历史的资料来源可能并不那么古⽼。但是,在科学技术世界中,五年可能也是⼀⽣。五年前那种突破性的癌症治疗⽅法可能已经被认为是不安全的,现在可能已经有了⼏种新的突破性治疗⽅法。CRAAP Test: Relevance这听起来似乎太明显了,但是您需要问问⾃⼰来源是否与您的研究相关。仅仅因为您正在撰写有关最低⼯资法的论⽂,并且⽂章标题包含“最低⼯资法”⼀词,您就⽆法⾃动认为本⽂的内容可以满⾜您的需求。本⽂可能会解释创建最低⼯资法的原因。但是,如果您已经找到了有关法律历史的资料作为背景信息,那么本⽂可能不会为您的论⽂提供任何新的或有⽤的信息。您还需要考虑⽬标受众,以及源代码是否以适当的⽔平编写。例如,如果源是为中学⽣编写的,⽽您正在撰写⼤学研究论⽂,则可以认为您的教授不会很⾼兴看到您的“被引作品”或“参考”页⾯上的源。品”或“参考”页⾯上的源。也不要假设学术资源总是会写给适当的读者。如果您正在撰写有关精神疾病的论⽂,并且找到了由医⽣为医⽣撰写的研究论⽂,则可能会有些失落。如果论⽂是为其他医⽣撰写的,那么作者可能使⽤了您根本不会理解的术语和解释。您也应该跳过这些类型的⽂章。如果您⽆法理解这些信息,则当然不能将其⽤作论⽂的来源。CRAAP Test: Authority我有⼀个很好的权威,那就是评估⽹站的权威不仅仅意味着找到⽂章或⽹站的作者。如果您只知道作者的名字,那对您并没有多⼤帮助。通过查看作者的凭据开始对⽹站的权限进⾏审查。作者在该领域有学位吗?他或她在野外⼯作吗?作者是否撰写了有关该主题的其他⽂章或书籍?注意:有⼈写过某个主题或出版了⼀本有关该主题的书并不⾃动表⽰他或她是可信的。例如,如果您正在研究新的医学治疗⽅法,那么⾃称为“治疗师”的医⽣就不如医学博⼠(MD)那么可信。接下来,考虑您正在查看的来源类型以及它是否适合您的需求。如果您正在研究有关最新iPhone的观点,那么阅读⼏乎由任何⼈撰写的博客和论坛可能会很有⽤。另⼀⽅⾯,如果您正在为论⽂研究全球变暖这⼀主题,则绝对不建议阅读任何⼈撰写的资料。在评估⽹络源的权限时,请记住查看URL。 .com⽹站更有可能只是想向您出售某些东西,⽐如。.gov或.edu⽹站可能会提供更深⼊,更平衡的信息。 .org⽹站可能包含详细信息,但可能具有议程,并且可能带有偏见,⽐如。您正在寻找清晰,准确,公正且有据可查的资源。在寻求帮助以找到在线可靠来源?阅读5篇最佳资料,以帮助撰写研究论⽂。CRAAP Test: Accuracy这个来源是否达到⽬标?信息正确吗?在决定是否要在论⽂中使⽤源之前,请检查是否可以验证信息。如果⼀个资料来源指出75%的⼤学⽣没有为课程购买必要的教科书,⽽另⼀个资料来源指出⼤约10%的学⽣没有为课程购买教科书,请查看统计信息的收集⽅式并尝试验证哪个资料来源是正确的。 (请记住,您可能会找到提供另⼀种统计数据的第三个来源,因此您可能需要继续进⾏研究以验证准确性。)接下来,请仔细阅读以确保作者使⽤⾜够的证据来⽀持索赔。如果有消息来源声称拥有有效驾驶执照的所有青少年中有50%在20岁之前⾄少获得⼀张超速驾驶罚单,那么作者是否提供可验证的统计证据⽀持这⼀说法?还是作者只是组成随机统计数据来⽀持该论点?检查准确性的最后⼀步是检查作者的论点。信息是平衡的还是有偏见的?有偏见的消息来源仅包含论点的⼀⽅⾯,可能没有证据⽀持主张。没有证据⽀持主张。关于外观的注意事项:如果您正在阅读包含多个拼写和印刷错误的匿名来源,则很容易弄清楚该来源可能不可信且信息可能不准确。但是有时候,⾮可信的⽹站似乎是专业的。不要被外观精美的⽹站所欺骗。CRAAP Test: Purpose不,现在不要花时间问写研究论⽂的⽬的是什么。 (这是另⼀次对话。)现在是时候问为什么您的潜在论⽂来源被发表了。它是为通知读者⽽写的吗? 它使⽤公正,公正的语⾔吗? 还是说服⽬的? 作者使⽤说服性或操纵性语⾔来说服读者吗?同样,这在评估⽹站时尤其重要。 该⽹站是否仅是为了向您出售商品? 它是在试图促进政治或宗教议程吗?如果资料来源有偏见并试图推⼴特定的议程,那么这可能不是您撰写研究论⽂的最佳选择(当然,除⾮您的论⽂打算评估⽂章并检查资料来源中的偏见和宣传)。A Sample CRAAP Test出于本CRAAP测试的⽬的,假装您撰写的有关动物虐待和测试的论据。您是否应该在基于研究的正式论点⽂章中引⽤动物道德对待⼈⽹站(PETA)?让我们对PETA进⾏测试。 (请放⼼,在此实验中不会对动物造成伤害。)CurrencyWhen you check the bottom of the homepage, you’ll notice that the page lists the current year as a copyright e stories as well as news stories are current, with publication times as recent as 23 hours y, PETA keeps its site up to date and provides current ncePETA’s entire focus is animal welfare, as pointed out by the following mission statement: “Animals are not ours toexperiment on, eat, wear, or abuse in any other way.”If you’re arguing that animal abuse and testing needs to stop, PETA provides plenty of information to review. It’ssafe to say that PETA is a relevant ityPETA includes a “PETA People” section that lists various staff members and executive board g employees’ credentials helps to increase the credibility of the site as this illustrates that writers are capableand qualified to write about the topic of animal cyThough PETA contains a number of news articles, most of these articles are written only in support of PETA’sactivities, making much of the information the articles may appear to contain credible information about world events (like the UK banning wild animalsin circuses), there are few (if any) links to additional outside sources to help verify e PETA rarely links to outside sources, the information is presented only from PETA’s point of view. Thismakes it difficult for the average reader to know how much of the information is you’re not sure that a source is presenting accurate information, your next step in evaluating the source is to see ifthe information is published the case of the UK banning wild animals in circuses, you can easily find a government website to verify that suchlegislation has been what about the accuracy of the other information presented on PETA’s website?A quick online search about PETA uncovers a slew of negative articles and websites that attempt to highlight thesupposed inaccuracies and lies promoted by results contain a number of opinion pieces (like this one from Vassar College) and websites (like this one)that are in favor of abolishing PETA and attempt to expose “the truth.” (Remember, not all sources are credible, andsome of these sources will likely fail the CRAAP Test.)Within the search results, however, you’ll also find credible blogs, op-eds, and articles from respected sources, suchWithin the search results, however, you’ll also find credible blogs, op-eds, and articles from respected sources, suchas HuffPost and The Atlantic. And it’s those credible sources that will make almost any reader question the authorityof PETA and its usefulness as a research eThe purpose of PETA is abundantly clear: to ’s goal is to convince readers to support its cause and get every reader to contribute to the organization. Forinstance, PETA heavily promotes its agenda through continued pop-ups asking readers to also favors emotional appeals as it attempts to persuade readers through graphic pictures of testing, sadanimals in cages, and happy, adopted animals. PETA also uses persuasive and manipulative language in an effortto convince final evaluation of PETAWhile PETA is a widely known organization whose website contains a great deal of information against animaltesting and abuse, the site fails the CRAAP Test and is not a strong source for a research to its biased content, questionable reputation, emotional appeals, and overall purpose (to persuade, rather thanto inform), skip PETA as a source. Instead, look to more scholarly sources to support your your research consists of only online sources, here are a few resource ideas to get you started on your researchabout animal testing.
2023年8月1日发(作者:)
什么是CRAAP测试?CRAAP测试范⽂什么是CRAAP测试?CRAAP测试是⼀系列问题,可帮助您确定来源是否可信。这就像通过显微镜评估构成光源的所有元素。 您需要查看其所有部分,以确定它是否适合您的研究论⽂。CRAAP代表 “currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, and purpose.” 您需要检查以下每个组成部分,以确定来源是垃圾还是值得在研究论⽂中包括。将CRAAP测试应⽤于您的论⽂来源完成研究后,您不想使⽤发现的每个来源。 您也不能仅仅假设所有来源都是平等的。当然,您可以通过选择搜索结果中出现的前五个或⼗个来源来节省⼤量时间。 但是它们不太可能成为您论⽂的最佳(或最合适)来源。为什么?因为当您进⾏研究时,您会遇到许多实际上是胡扯的消息来源(尤其是如果您仅使⽤⽹站在线进⾏所有研究)。要确定有⽤或⽆效,请询问以下各个类别下的问题,以测试您的来源。CRAAP Test: Currency除⾮您要批评特定的来源或将其⽤于历史概述,否则您将希望找到可能的最新信息。如果您引⽤的是⽹站,那么查找原始来源的⽇期可能并不容易。但是您应该能够找到信息的最后更新⽇期。在⽹页底部检查创建或最后更新信息的⽇期。认为来源的⽇期真的不是那么重要吗?再想⼀想。假设您在⽹上(五年前写过)找到有关突破性癌症治疗的信息来源。对于某些主题,有五年历史的资料来源可能并不那么古⽼。但是,在科学技术世界中,五年可能也是⼀⽣。五年前那种突破性的癌症治疗⽅法可能已经被认为是不安全的,现在可能已经有了⼏种新的突破性治疗⽅法。CRAAP Test: Relevance这听起来似乎太明显了,但是您需要问问⾃⼰来源是否与您的研究相关。仅仅因为您正在撰写有关最低⼯资法的论⽂,并且⽂章标题包含“最低⼯资法”⼀词,您就⽆法⾃动认为本⽂的内容可以满⾜您的需求。本⽂可能会解释创建最低⼯资法的原因。但是,如果您已经找到了有关法律历史的资料作为背景信息,那么本⽂可能不会为您的论⽂提供任何新的或有⽤的信息。您还需要考虑⽬标受众,以及源代码是否以适当的⽔平编写。例如,如果源是为中学⽣编写的,⽽您正在撰写⼤学研究论⽂,则可以认为您的教授不会很⾼兴看到您的“被引作品”或“参考”页⾯上的源。品”或“参考”页⾯上的源。也不要假设学术资源总是会写给适当的读者。如果您正在撰写有关精神疾病的论⽂,并且找到了由医⽣为医⽣撰写的研究论⽂,则可能会有些失落。如果论⽂是为其他医⽣撰写的,那么作者可能使⽤了您根本不会理解的术语和解释。您也应该跳过这些类型的⽂章。如果您⽆法理解这些信息,则当然不能将其⽤作论⽂的来源。CRAAP Test: Authority我有⼀个很好的权威,那就是评估⽹站的权威不仅仅意味着找到⽂章或⽹站的作者。如果您只知道作者的名字,那对您并没有多⼤帮助。通过查看作者的凭据开始对⽹站的权限进⾏审查。作者在该领域有学位吗?他或她在野外⼯作吗?作者是否撰写了有关该主题的其他⽂章或书籍?注意:有⼈写过某个主题或出版了⼀本有关该主题的书并不⾃动表⽰他或她是可信的。例如,如果您正在研究新的医学治疗⽅法,那么⾃称为“治疗师”的医⽣就不如医学博⼠(MD)那么可信。接下来,考虑您正在查看的来源类型以及它是否适合您的需求。如果您正在研究有关最新iPhone的观点,那么阅读⼏乎由任何⼈撰写的博客和论坛可能会很有⽤。另⼀⽅⾯,如果您正在为论⽂研究全球变暖这⼀主题,则绝对不建议阅读任何⼈撰写的资料。在评估⽹络源的权限时,请记住查看URL。 .com⽹站更有可能只是想向您出售某些东西,⽐如。.gov或.edu⽹站可能会提供更深⼊,更平衡的信息。 .org⽹站可能包含详细信息,但可能具有议程,并且可能带有偏见,⽐如。您正在寻找清晰,准确,公正且有据可查的资源。在寻求帮助以找到在线可靠来源?阅读5篇最佳资料,以帮助撰写研究论⽂。CRAAP Test: Accuracy这个来源是否达到⽬标?信息正确吗?在决定是否要在论⽂中使⽤源之前,请检查是否可以验证信息。如果⼀个资料来源指出75%的⼤学⽣没有为课程购买必要的教科书,⽽另⼀个资料来源指出⼤约10%的学⽣没有为课程购买教科书,请查看统计信息的收集⽅式并尝试验证哪个资料来源是正确的。 (请记住,您可能会找到提供另⼀种统计数据的第三个来源,因此您可能需要继续进⾏研究以验证准确性。)接下来,请仔细阅读以确保作者使⽤⾜够的证据来⽀持索赔。如果有消息来源声称拥有有效驾驶执照的所有青少年中有50%在20岁之前⾄少获得⼀张超速驾驶罚单,那么作者是否提供可验证的统计证据⽀持这⼀说法?还是作者只是组成随机统计数据来⽀持该论点?检查准确性的最后⼀步是检查作者的论点。信息是平衡的还是有偏见的?有偏见的消息来源仅包含论点的⼀⽅⾯,可能没有证据⽀持主张。没有证据⽀持主张。关于外观的注意事项:如果您正在阅读包含多个拼写和印刷错误的匿名来源,则很容易弄清楚该来源可能不可信且信息可能不准确。但是有时候,⾮可信的⽹站似乎是专业的。不要被外观精美的⽹站所欺骗。CRAAP Test: Purpose不,现在不要花时间问写研究论⽂的⽬的是什么。 (这是另⼀次对话。)现在是时候问为什么您的潜在论⽂来源被发表了。它是为通知读者⽽写的吗? 它使⽤公正,公正的语⾔吗? 还是说服⽬的? 作者使⽤说服性或操纵性语⾔来说服读者吗?同样,这在评估⽹站时尤其重要。 该⽹站是否仅是为了向您出售商品? 它是在试图促进政治或宗教议程吗?如果资料来源有偏见并试图推⼴特定的议程,那么这可能不是您撰写研究论⽂的最佳选择(当然,除⾮您的论⽂打算评估⽂章并检查资料来源中的偏见和宣传)。A Sample CRAAP Test出于本CRAAP测试的⽬的,假装您撰写的有关动物虐待和测试的论据。您是否应该在基于研究的正式论点⽂章中引⽤动物道德对待⼈⽹站(PETA)?让我们对PETA进⾏测试。 (请放⼼,在此实验中不会对动物造成伤害。)CurrencyWhen you check the bottom of the homepage, you’ll notice that the page lists the current year as a copyright e stories as well as news stories are current, with publication times as recent as 23 hours y, PETA keeps its site up to date and provides current ncePETA’s entire focus is animal welfare, as pointed out by the following mission statement: “Animals are not ours toexperiment on, eat, wear, or abuse in any other way.”If you’re arguing that animal abuse and testing needs to stop, PETA provides plenty of information to review. It’ssafe to say that PETA is a relevant ityPETA includes a “PETA People” section that lists various staff members and executive board g employees’ credentials helps to increase the credibility of the site as this illustrates that writers are capableand qualified to write about the topic of animal cyThough PETA contains a number of news articles, most of these articles are written only in support of PETA’sactivities, making much of the information the articles may appear to contain credible information about world events (like the UK banning wild animalsin circuses), there are few (if any) links to additional outside sources to help verify e PETA rarely links to outside sources, the information is presented only from PETA’s point of view. Thismakes it difficult for the average reader to know how much of the information is you’re not sure that a source is presenting accurate information, your next step in evaluating the source is to see ifthe information is published the case of the UK banning wild animals in circuses, you can easily find a government website to verify that suchlegislation has been what about the accuracy of the other information presented on PETA’s website?A quick online search about PETA uncovers a slew of negative articles and websites that attempt to highlight thesupposed inaccuracies and lies promoted by results contain a number of opinion pieces (like this one from Vassar College) and websites (like this one)that are in favor of abolishing PETA and attempt to expose “the truth.” (Remember, not all sources are credible, andsome of these sources will likely fail the CRAAP Test.)Within the search results, however, you’ll also find credible blogs, op-eds, and articles from respected sources, suchWithin the search results, however, you’ll also find credible blogs, op-eds, and articles from respected sources, suchas HuffPost and The Atlantic. And it’s those credible sources that will make almost any reader question the authorityof PETA and its usefulness as a research eThe purpose of PETA is abundantly clear: to ’s goal is to convince readers to support its cause and get every reader to contribute to the organization. Forinstance, PETA heavily promotes its agenda through continued pop-ups asking readers to also favors emotional appeals as it attempts to persuade readers through graphic pictures of testing, sadanimals in cages, and happy, adopted animals. PETA also uses persuasive and manipulative language in an effortto convince final evaluation of PETAWhile PETA is a widely known organization whose website contains a great deal of information against animaltesting and abuse, the site fails the CRAAP Test and is not a strong source for a research to its biased content, questionable reputation, emotional appeals, and overall purpose (to persuade, rather thanto inform), skip PETA as a source. Instead, look to more scholarly sources to support your your research consists of only online sources, here are a few resource ideas to get you started on your researchabout animal testing.
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